Mother To Child Transmission Of HIV (MTCT)

Mother-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in children under the age of 15 years is the biggest source of infection. MTCT also known as perinatal or vertical transmission happens when HIV pregnancy, labor and delivery or during breastfeeding HIV positive woman to her baby is spreading.
HIV and AIDS around the world is one of the leading causes of death in children. HIV and AIDS in children, 580,000 deaths (2003) by Labbok under 15years old, 500,000 were in Africa. Such deaths are due to 80-90% MTCT and 200,000 were secondary to breastfeeding.

Increasing numbers of children in countries hardest affected by the epidemic, especially HIV infection, it is. In 2002, an estimated 3.2 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV and AIDS were a total of 800,000 were newly infected and 610 000 died. HIV and AIDS, about 8% of deaths among children have been under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to account. Areas where the spread of HIV in pregnant women in excess of 35%, HIV and AIDS contribute to childhood mortality as high as 42% did.

World Wide in 2001, 1.8 million women become infected with HIV and about 800,000 children become infected, MTCT through most of them. Breastfeeding during the postpartum period, a significant mode of transmission, accounting for almost one third of HIV, the MTCT. In eastern Africa, it is estimated that 10-20% of women and young people shift towards women showed HIV epidemic among women will lead to increasing seroprevalence MTCT positive2.With HIV are increasing.

HIV in the era of great concern is the issue of breastfeeding. In addition to being a profound personal concern, the issue of HIV transmission through breastfeeding in countries public health is of particular importance where both fertility rates and HIV infection rates are high among pregnant women. It is now widely recognized that HIV during breastfeeding out an average of almost seven infants born to HIV infected mothers become infected through breast feeding a baby at 24 months is transmitted. Breast milk ranges between 16-29% of HIV transmission through efficiency.

30% of children who are infected vertically, while the relative frequency of transmission is as follows: early in pregnancy 2%, 3% in late pregnancy, during delivery 15%, 5% the early postpartum period, and 5 % late postpartum period. Although the WHO, UNICEF and other United Nations agencies currently recommend that HIV-positive mothers avoid breastfeeding if replacement diet from birth acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS), it practically possible to adopt this policy in resource is not limited to countries like Uganda. Thus, research is necessary to make this possible.

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